Chapter 7: Strengths Perspective
1. Prior to WWII, psychology had 3 missions: Cure the mentally ill, improve the overall quality of life, and:
a) Improve housing in low SES environments
b) Encourage the talents of all people
c) Encourage the talents of the gifted people
d) Not given.
2. Claiming that an alcoholic is responsible for his or her own problems and that they need to simply “stop drinking” is an example of:
a) Humanistic therapy
b) Psychodynamic therapy
c) Victim Blaming
d) Not given.
3. Understanding that homelessness and other social problems occur primarily due to economic conditions (i.e., tight housing conditions) is an illustration of Ryan’s (1971) theory of:
a) Universalistic viewpoints
b) Exceptionalistic viewpoints
c) Both A & B
d) Not given.
4. Trying to help a client stop smoking and discovering that their primary cause is due to a personal quality (i.e., excessive anxiety) is what type of disposition?
A) Dispositional attribution
b) Situational attribution
c) Personal attribution
d) Not given.
5. Understanding that the reason why many people are unable to stop smoking is due to highly addictive substances within tobacco (i.e., nicotine) and subversive advertising techniques are examples of:
a) Dispositional attributions
b) Situational attributions
c) Both A & B
d) Not given.
6. If we are watching someone walking down a hallway who happens to stumble and we assume that this person is awkward and clumsy (disposition/internal trait) rather than speculate that the stumbling may have been caused by something blocking the hallway (situational) is referred to as:
a) Ultimate attribution error
b) Fundamental attribution error
c) Internal locus of control
d) Not given.
7. When we perceive our own behaviors as situationally-determined and the behaviors of others as dispositionally-determined, this phenomenon is referred to as:
a) Self-serving bias
b) Actor-observer effect
c) Self-fulfilling prophecy
d) Not given.
8. Often women who strive for promotion in bureaucracies find that they are limited simply based on their gender. This is an example of:
a) Glass ceiling effect
b) Ascribed status
c) Both A & B
d) Not given.
9. The fact that people who volunteer their help and receive personal benefits (i.e., feeling better about themselves; offering free tutoring also helps the tutor) is also referred to as the:
a) Self-serving principle
b) Helper-therapy principle
c) Egoistic model
d) Not given.
10. In some situations service systems “re-victimize” survivors of trauma by exposing them to their painful ordeal over and over again. This term is referred to as “secondary victimization” (page 202) – Provide 3 examples:
a.
b.
c.
Chapter 8: Stress & Coping
11. A method that allows researchers to accurately measure and identify constructs and subjective concepts is referred to as:
a) Research definitions
b) Operationalization
c) Internal validity
d) Not given.
12. The general adaptation syndrome introduced by Selye (1956) consists of three key phases:
a) Stress; resistance; fatigue
b) Alarm; resistance; exhaustion
c) Activate, fight, deplete
d) Not given.
13. According to the findings of early research addressing the negative effects of stress on physical health, life events exert what type of an impact on mental and physical health?
A) Individual
b) Situational
c) Cumulative
d) Not given.
14. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) identified the more common or everyday stressful events as:
a) Daily Stressors
b) Daily Hassles
c) Mundane issues
d) Not given.
15. A belief system that may occur where people believe themselves as incapable of altering negative events in their lives due to repeated past failures is also referred to as:
a) Self-fulfilling prophecy
b) Learned helplessness
c) External locus of control
d) Not given.
Chapter 9: Prevention
16. True or False: Primary prevention is an effective mental illness method because it rapidly targets individuals with pre-existing health conditions and identifies therapeutic intervention?
17. An example of “predisposing factors” includes:
a) Neurochemical imbalances
b) Below average intelligence
c) Poverty
d) All of the above.
18. Communities that are proactive in responding to changes that are necessary in the community are also referred to as:
a) Community Responsiveness
b) Community Reaction
c) Community Readiness
d) All of the above.
19. In some situations, even well-intentioned community-based programs may have unintended negative consequences. These unintended negative consequences and negative consequences are referred to as:
a) Synergic negative impact
b) Iatrogenic
c) Negative etiology impact
d) Not given.
20. Peter Rossi (1978) argued that:
a) Many community-based programs fail due to poor budgeting planning
b) Researchers often fail to consider that the programs become “operator dependent”
c) Some researchers do not include community input in their programs
d) All of the above.
Essay Questions – Answer Both Questions:
Hoffman Text – Chapter 8: Reducing Prejudice and discrimination.
Identify and describe six methods in which prejudice and discriminatory behaviors develop. Additionally, offer one example of an “APE” program and discuss how community service activities may help to address and reduce the existence of ethnic conflict and hate crimes.
Chapter 7: Strengths Perspective.
In your opinion, what are some of the kinds of things that make a community ideal and positive for residents to live in? Identify and describe (this means provide examples) Cottrell’s (1964) 8 qualities of the competent community: