Describe how an employer can avoid the holdup problem of employees leaving with firm-specific human capital?

As we have learned about the cost of turnover on an organization and strategies to retain talent, please discuss the following:

1. How is employee turnover both a positive and negative force on a firm?
2. Under what conditions does it make sense for an employer to retain an employee who is being raided by a competitor?
3. What counteroffer policy would you advocate as an employer and why?
4. Describe how an employer can avoid the holdup problem of employees leaving with firm-specific human capital?

Try to find this text if possible.Chapter 4 should have the answers to the questions:

Lazear, E. P., Gibbs M. (2015) Personnel Economics in Practice, 3rdEdition,

New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Requirements: Answer all questions fully