The Cost of Capital Dilemma
In your readings this week, you explore how companies compute their cost of capital by computing a weighted average of the three major components of capital: debt, preferred stock, and common equity. The firm’s cost of capital is a key element in capital budgeting decisions and must be understood in order to justify capital projects.
For this Discussion, imagine the following scenario:
You are the director of operations for your company, and your vice president wants to expand production by adding new and more expensive fabrication machines. You are directed to build a business case for implementing this program of capacity expansion. Assume the company’s weighted average cost of capital is 13%, the after-tax cost of debt is 7%, preferred stock is 10.5%, and common equity is 15%. As you work with your staff on the first cut of the business case, you surmise that this is a fairly risky project due to a recent slowing in product sales. As a matter of fact, when using the 13% weighted average cost of capital, you discover that the project is estimated to return about 10%, which is quite a bit less than the company’s weighted average cost of capital. An enterprising young analyst in your department, Harriet, suggests that the project be financed from retained earnings (50%) and bonds (50%). She reasons that using retained earnings does not cost the firm anything, since it is cash you already have in the bank and the after-tax cost of debt is only 7%. That would lower your weighted average cost of capital to 3.5% and make your 10% projected return look great.
What is your reaction to Harriet’s suggestion of using the cost of debt only? Is it a good idea or a bad idea? Why? Do you think capital projects should have their own unique cost of capital rates for budgeting purposes, as opposed to using the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) or the cost of equity capital as computed by CAPM? What about the relatively high risk inherent in this project? How can you factor into the analysis the notion of risk so that all competing projects that have relatively lower or higher risks can be evaluated on a level playing field?
Required Readings
Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2022). Fundamentals of financial management (16th ed.). Cengage Learning.
• Chapter 8, “Risk and Rates of Return” (Review Section 8-3, “Risk in a Portfolio Context: CAPM” on pp. 283-285)
• Chapter 10, “The Cost of Capital” (pp. 356-384)
In Chapter 10, the authors explain the concept of weighted average cost of capital (WACC), its components, and how it is used in capital budgeting.
• Chapter 11, “The Basics of Capital Budgeting” (pp. 385-416)
In this chapter, the authors examine various major capital budgeting decision criteria, including pros and cons.
